In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

In Buddhist Tantrism mahāsukha means immortal pleasure and Supreme Bliss. This state is the highest realm of Buddhist perfection, beyond the realm of being and changing world, freed from rational thinking and the social customs and rituals. According to Buddhist Tantrism, it is possible to reach mahāsukha, through ritual ceremonies and yoga practices, both physical and sexual, so in this world all human beings, whether good or bad, superior or inferior, worthy or unworthy could attain this perfection. It seems that, the religious conception of immortal pleasure and infinite happiness in Tantric tradition roots in the fact that in Tantrism it is human beings not God that is the subject of speculation. Moreover, the body is not assumed to be degrading and humiliating but it is the sacred temple through which man can easily achieve happiness and Supreme Bliss, if he knows how to use it. Furthermore in tantric Buddhism, mahāsukha or immortal enjoyment is achieved through participating in the Enlightenment of Inherent Buddha, Dharma-kāya or Vajra-sattva, and the union of prajnā and upāya. So Buddhist Tantrism is one of the earliest esoteric traditions that tries to explain the ancient idea of eternal pleasure, a system in which the female and the male counterparts play a significant role through yogic exercises to achieve eternal bliss.

In this research, my problem is what the major criteria of Supreme Bliss in al-Ghazali's Thought are. The methodology in this investigation is analytic-descriptive. In his works, al-Ghazali offers different criteria, such as knowing God, Proximity to Him, meeting Him, to love Him and so on. To actualize the last one, al-Ghazali suggests two methods: one: interruption of concern with mundane world and abandoning any love but love to Him, and the other is to increase the knowledge of God. He, also, believes that the supreme bliss, theoretically speaking, is to discover Divine Glory and, practically, to have good beliefs and morals. I think that, al-Ghazali’scriteria are not exclusive, but they are compatible.

Knowing the components of economic education provides the dynamic background of education in this field. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators and components of the economic education curriculum. The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is research synthesis. The research community is all the articles (211 articles) that have been presented from 1390 to 1401 AD and from 2010 to 2022 AD regarding economic education in curricula. The sample of the research is 32 articles, which were selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical data saturation, and purposefully. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied articles. By analyzing the data, the dimensions of vitality in the curriculum of the elementary school in 4 factors and 55 categories including the dimension of individual factors (including indicators and components related to personality characteristics); The dimension of culture and economic ethics (economic fields in the society); The dimension of economic concepts and knowledge (indices in economic education) and the dimension of collective and communication concepts (communication and interaction indicators in education) were classified. Economic education is dependent on internal and external components in educational systems, which requires macro-planning in this field.

'Bliss' and 'misery' are among the main discussions in philosophy and theology. In fact, perfect happiness is the ultimate purpose of human beings; it is the same thing that men seek to obtain whether consciously or unconsciously. At any rate, bliss can be considered as what is compatible with the goal of creation and man's ultimate perfection. In this article, the author first of all expresses the lexical meaning of 'bliss' and 'misery', then deals with Mulla Sadra's and Allamah Tabataba'i's views on 'bliss', and "S finally responses a number of main questions concerning bliss.

In simple words, qabz and bast refer to the inner state of the mystic at the very moment; it is called bast if he is blithe and happy, and qabz if he is in distress and gloom.Moreover, vaqt (=the present), according to mystics, is the very moment in which a human being is living and, thus, they liken it to a sword. Just as a sword cuts an object into halves, so vaqt separates whatever comes before and after it; that is, one half from the past and one half from the future.Consequently, vaqt is a moment and the very momentary state of a human being. Mystics have said much about the meaning and the how of these states and particularly of qabz and bast which are considered among the most fundamental concepts of Sufism. The present paper presents and examines some of the most important and completes definitions as well as the characteristics of qabz and bast which can be observed in the sayings of prominent mystics.

Decentralized planning has long been recognized as an important decision making problem. Many approaches based on the concepts of large-scale system decomposition have generally lacked the ability to model the type of truly independent subsystem which often exist in practice. Multilevel programming models partition control over decision variable among ordered levels within a hierarchical planning structure. This paper examines the special case of the multilevel liner programming problem, i.e. bilevel linear programming problem. Bilevel programming often represent an adequate tool for modeling non cooperative hierarchical decision processes, where one player optimizes over a subset of decision variables, while taking into account the independent reaction of the other player to his or course of action. Bilevel programming is an important area of current research stimulated by it's intrinsically very difficult nature and is still a little known technique, rarely used despite all it's potential capabilities. in this note a definition for a general bilevel programming some applications, geometric characterization and solution approaches are presented with some examples.